2022年8月26日 星期五

143) Frank Lloyd Wright(1867–1959) 的建築美夢 (千分之一作品......) ：Hollyhock House（蜀葵居）。日本浮世繪..... 古埃及古希臘將其所愛引入建築.....Hollyhock House也是一；與羅時瑋兄的短暫筆談 (202208.27)

 

Frank Lloyd Wright(1867–1959) 的建築美夢 (千分之一作品......) ：Hollyhock House（蜀葵居）。日本浮世繪..... 古埃及古希臘將其所愛引入建築.....Hollyhock House也是一；與羅時瑋兄的短暫筆談 (202208.27)




昨天的心得：萊特是日本浮世繪專家，有論文，其中指出古埃及古希臘將其所愛引入建築.....他的Hollyhock House也一例


Frank Lloyd Wright and Japan - Center for East Asian Studies
https://eastasia.wisc.edu › uploads › sites › 2021/05
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由 K Nute 著作 · 2021 · 被引用 180 次 — The lotus gained thus imperishable significance; for the life -principle in the flower is translated— transmuted to terms of building stone to idealize a


"最初屋主 Aline Barnsdall 邀請萊特建造一座「瑪雅風情」的別墅，並在建築裝飾上大量使用喜愛的 Hollyhock（蜀葵）元素，如今建築作為 Barnsdall 藝術公園的核心，也是聯合國教科文組織指定的世界遺產。"


科林斯柱式[編輯]

希臘科林斯柱式（Corinthian Order）的比例比愛奧尼柱更為纖細，柱頭是用毛莨葉（Acanthus）作裝飾，形似盛滿花草的花籃。相對於愛奧尼柱式，科林斯柱式的裝飾性更強，但是在古希臘的應用並不廣泛，雅典的宙斯神廟（Temple of Zeus）採用的是科林斯柱式。

Encyclopédie 第18冊：建築柱式的雕版印刷
萊特與 歐姬芙   台中：好讀，2005




小說The Fountainhead (重慶有中譯本)究竟採用Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959) 或者Walter Gropius (18 May 1883 – 5 July 1969) 當原型？



Asked for his occupation in a court of law, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959) replied ‘The world’s greatest architect’. His wife remonstrated with him. ‘I had no choice, Olgivanna’, he told her, ‘I was under oath.’

The cocksure Wright was a master of the one-line quip. He told a client who phoned to complain of rain leaking from the roof of her new house onto the dining table where she was sitting to ‘move the chair’. Thinking of Mies, he said, ‘Less is only more where more is no good’. On seeing his tall assistant, William Wesley Peters, inside one of his latest and rather low-ceilinged houses, he barked, ‘Sit down, Wes, you’re ruining the scale of my architecture’. Of himself, this very original American architect bragged, ‘Early in life I had to choose between honest arrogance and hypocritical humility. I chose the former and have seen no reason to change.’ 
Wright lived a roller-coaster life. He abandoned his first wife, Kitty, and five children and fled to Europe with his mistress and client, Mamah Cheney. On their return to the US, Mamah and her children were murdered at his home, Taliesin, which burned down (and Wright rebuilt) twice. His autobiography, a best seller, was the inspiration for Ayn Rand’s novel The Fountainhead, made into a dramatic film with Gary Cooper in the lead role.
Wright’s architecture could be something of a fairground ride, too. When questioned over the heights of the galleries in his sensational Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum on Fifth Avenue, he said, ‘Cut the paintings in half ’. ‘A doctor’, he joked, more than half-seriously, ‘can bury his mistakes, but an architect can only advise his clients to plant vines.’
Designed as a weekend retreat for the wealthy Pittsburgh store-owners Edgar and Liliane Kaufmann, Fallingwater (1939) was built on an outcrop of rock over a waterfall at Bear Run, Pennsylvania. Its three floors took the form of ambitious 19-metre (62-foot) concrete cantilevers, thrust 5 metres (16 1⁄2 feet) over the fast-falling water from a rock where the Kaufmanns had long enjoyed picnics. This was a dramatic and costly move, yet Fallingwater was a truly beautiful design and the Kaufmanns could well afford the $155,000—a huge sum at the time; the budget had been $30,000—they paid for the house of their dreams. 

In 1997, scaffolding was put in place to stop Fallingwater falling down. Four years later, a repair programme was announced. It would cost $11.5 million to right the wrongs of those daring cantilevers. Robert Silman, a structural engineer from New York who had already worked on seven Wright houses, planned the work. ‘This doesn’t diminish the architectural brilliance of his buildings’, he said. ‘One after the other, they are absolutely breathtaking.’ And this is why, Fallingwater – expensive to build and maintain – will never be short of funds. Wright’s architecture could indeed be a liability, yet those who choose to live in Wright homes love them, and, as experience tells us, the price of true love can be very costly indeed.





White lotus decorations on a frieze at a palace in Amarna (1352–1336 BC) The ancient Egyptians cultivated the white lotus in ponds and marshes.

This flower often appears in ancient Egyptian decorations. They believed that the lotus flower gave them strength and power; remains of the flower have been found in the burial tomb of Ramesses II. Egyptian tomb paintings from around 1500 BC provide some of the earliest physical evidence of ornamental horticulture and landscape design; they depict lotus ponds surrounded by symmetrical rows of acacias and palms. In Egyptian mythology Horus was occasionally shown in art as a naked boy with a finger in his mouth sitting on a lotus with his mother. The lotus was one of the two earliest Egyptian capitals motifs, the topmost members of a column. At that time, the motifs of importance are those based on the lotus and papyrus plants respectively, and these, with the palm tree capital, were the chief types employed by the Egyptians, until under the Ptolemies in the 3rd to 1st centuries BC, various other river plants were also employed, and the conventional lotus capital went through various modifications. Women often wore amulets during childbirth, which depicted Heqet as a frog, sitting in a lotus.

The number 1,000 in ancient Egyptian numerals is represented by the symbol of the white lotus. The related hieroglyph is:

M12

The ancient Egyptians also extracted perfume from this flower. They also used the white lotus in funerary garlands, temple offerings and female adornment.

The white lotus is a candidate for the plant eaten by the Lotophagi of Homer's Odyssey.


Nymphaea lotus
Nymphaea lotus 1.jpg
Nymphaea lotus1XMATT.jpg
Scientific classificationedit
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Order:Nymphaeales
Family:Nymphaeaceae
Genus:Nymphaea
Species:
N. lotus
Binomial name
Nymphaea lotus
Subspecies

See text

Synonyms[1][2]

Nymphaea dentata Schumach.
Nymphaea zenkeri Gilg.
Nymphaea liberiensis A.Chevalier

Nymphaea lotus, the white Egyptian lotus,[3] tiger lotus, white lotus or Egyptian white water-lily, is a flowering plant of the family Nymphaeaceae.

Distribution[edit]

It grows in various parts of East Africa and Southeast Asia. The Nymphaea lotus var. thermalis is a tertiary relict variety, endemic to the thermal waters of Europe, for example the Peţa River in Romania or the Hévíz lake in Hungary .[citation needed]

Cultivation[edit]

It was introduced into western cultivation in 1802 by Loddiges Nursery. Eduard Ortgies crossed Nymphaea lotus (N. dentata) with Nymphaea pubescens (N. rubra) to produce the first Nymphaea hybrid, illustrated in Flore des serres 8 t. 775, 776 under the name Nymphaea ortgiesiano-rubra. It is a popular ornamental aquatic plant in Venezuela.[citation needed]

Description[edit]

Nymphaea lotus in Southern India.


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