In an important early discovery that had eluded many scientists, Dr. Baulieu determined how to detect a hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone, or DHEA, which helps produce estrogen and testosterone and can signal diseases like adrenal cancer.
在一個許多科學家都未能發現的重要早期發現中，Baulieu 博士確定瞭如何檢測一種激素、脫氫表雄酮或 DHEA，它有助於產生雌激素和睾酮，並可以發出腎上腺癌等疾病的信號。
“我用一個簡單的想法做到了這一點，從經典的角度來看，這個想法毫無意義，”他寫道。 他沒有尋找腎上腺的油性提取物，而是在尿液中發現了一種水溶性形式，“就像探測香醋一樣：尋找醋而不是油。”
“I did it with a simple idea which, in classical terms, made little sense,” he wrote. Instead of looking in oily extracts from the adrenal glands, he found a water-soluble form in urine, “like probing a vinaigrette: looking in the vinegar instead of the oil.”
本周譯業
粗翻完BBC REITHLECTURES 2008第一講 還沒想下一步 我們等著瞧
"功夫在詩外"的知識不足--Errata 等例
梁先生：「蔣行之這名字早忘掉，但又似曾相識，查了一下，才知是工作坊交過手
HC：「她功夫不錯 有phd學位 可到翻譯研究所任教 」
問：「《与大师相约五十年 L'art est vivant: un demi siecle de rencontres》 Niki de Saint Phalle, L'art est vivant: un demi siecle de rencontres有沒Niki de Saint Phalle,資訊？」
Oba :「去年去龐畢度當代藝術館拍的
Niki 的新嫁娘 」
妮基·桑法勒（法語：Niki de Saint Phalle，也譯為妮基·聖法爾，1930年10月29日－2002年5月21日），原名卡特琳·瑪麗-阿涅斯·法爾·德·桑法勒（法語：Catherine Marie-Agnes Fal de Saint Phalle），法國雕塑師，畫家和電影導演。
看到今天的Google Doodle了嗎？身為藝術迷的你，肯定在3秒內就能認出是妮基‧桑法勒（Niki de Saint Phalle）的作品！為了向這位法國前衛女藝術家致敬，Google 呈現她在華盛頓國立女性美術館所展出的公共藝術──胖胖版的《美惠三女神》！
妮基‧桑法勒除了是雕塑家、畫家，還曾經是《LIFE》雜誌的封面模特兒（是有沒有這麼多才多藝啊...）。因為過去悲慘的童年，她接受治療師的建議，從事藝術創作。從50年代的平面藝術到前衛的當代藝術，甚至是「射擊繪畫」，妮基‧桑法勒逐漸以鮮豔色彩和創意造型擄獲大家的心。
她的作品已遍及全世界
Étienne-Émile Baulieu (born 12 December 1926) is a French biochemist and endocrinologist who is best known for his research in the field of steroid hormones and their role in reproduction and aging.
Biography[edit]
Baulieu was born Émile Blum to Jewish parents in Strasbourg, France.[1] His father, who died when he was four was Léon Blum, a physician, and an early specialist in diabetes. Baulieu changed his name during World War II when his family fled to the area near Grenoble and he engaged in the French resistance.[2] After the war he attended the Faculté de Médecine de Paris and became a doctor of medicine in 1955. He studied further under his mentor Max Fernand Jayle in the field of steroid hormones and obtained his PhD degree in 1963 at the Lycée Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine and Faculté des Sciences in Paris.
In 1963 Baulieu was named director of INSERM, and in 1970 he became a Professor of Biochemistry at the Faculty of Medicine of Bicêtre, affiliated with University of Paris-South. Since 2004 Baulieu is a member of the French "Ethical Advisory Committee" (Comité consultatif national d'éthique) for science and health. He also presides over the "Institute of Longevity and Aging" (Institut de la longévité et du vieillissement[3]) In 2008, he started the Institut Professor Baulieu to foster research into healthy longevity.[4]
Research[edit]
Baulieu has had an ongoing interest in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). In 1960 he demonstrated that DHEA was the main adrenal androgen, was largely conjugated as a hydrophilic sulfate, and described its metabolism and functions. He worked to uncover the production of estrogens by the placenta during pregnancy and this led to the concept of DHEA being a "prohormone". Upon the invitation of Seymour Lieberman Baulieu became visiting scientist at the Columbia University in 1961–1962, and during this time he met Gregory Pincus, the father of the "birth control pill". Baulieu then turned to more studies in contraception and in the regulation of fertility and pregnancy. He became a pioneer in the description of intracellular sex steroid receptors and identified major intracellular participants such as the heat shock proteins. He worked on the progesterone receptor and androgen receptor. While steroid receptors are generally found within the cell, Baulieu identified a membrane receptor for a steroid hormone in Xenopus laevis. 研究
Baulieu 一直對脫氫表雄酮 (DHEA) 感興趣。 1960 年，他證明 DHEA 是主要的腎上腺雄激素，主要結合為親水性硫酸鹽，並描述了它的代謝和功能。 他致力於發現懷孕期間胎盤會產生雌激素，這導致 DHEA 成為“激素原”的概念。 1961-1962年，應西摩·利伯曼·鮑利厄的邀請，他成為哥倫比亞大學的訪問學者，並在此期間結識了“避孕藥”之父格雷戈里·平卡斯。 Baulieu 隨後轉向更多關於避孕以及生育和懷孕調節的研究。 他成為描述細胞內性類固醇受體的先驅，並確定了主要的細胞內參與者，例如熱休克蛋白。 他從事孕激素受體和雄激素受體的研究。 雖然類固醇受體通常存在於細胞內，但 Baulieu 在非洲爪蟾中發現了類固醇激素的膜受體。
Neurosteroids[edit]
Baulieu discovered that DHEA and pregnenolone are produced in the brain and introduced the term "neurosteroids" in 1981.[5] These steroids are active in the nervous system, help repair myelin, protect the nervous system, and enhance memory. Such agents may prove to be useful in the maintenance of brain function during age, and Baulieu suggests that use of DHEA in the elderly may ameliorate certain age-associated deficits including memory loss and depressive mood.[6] Baulieu conducts clinical research about the potential benefits of DHEA in the elderly population.[7]神經甾體
Baulieu 發現 DHEA 和孕烯醇酮是在大腦中產生的，並於 1981 年引入了術語“神經甾體”。 [5] 這些類固醇活躍於神經系統，有助於修復髓磷脂，保護神經系統，增強記憶力。 這些藥物可能被證明對維持老年大腦功能有用，Baulieu 建議在老年人中使用 DHEA 可以改善某些與年齡相關的缺陷，包括記憶力減退和抑鬱情緒。 [6] Baulieu 對 DHEA 對老年人的潛在益處進行了臨床研究。 [7]
RU486[edit]
Baulieu is worldwide known[2] for his work on RU486 (Mifepristone) and has been termed the "Father" of the abortion pill.[8] Baulieu who had identified the progesterone receptor suggested to Roussel-Uclaf to modify the progesterone molecule to create an anti-progesterone.[9] Georges Teutsch then synthesized an agent that became initially known as RU468 in 1980. Baulieu investigated the actions of this agent as an anti-progesterone steroid that proved to be able to induce early abortion and became more effective in conjunction with misoprostol. As a proponent of a nonsurgical approach to abortion Baulieu became an advocat RU468 even when the company withdrew from the product[9] and propelled him into the limelight of the abortion debate.[10] As an anti-progesterone RU468 also has other potential such as in the treatment of certain conditions (breast cancer, brain cancer, endometriosis, diabetes, hypertension), and the anti-cortison activity he discovered may be useful to manage depression or Cushing's syndrome.
RU486
Baulieu 因其在 RU486（米非司酮）上的工作而聞名於世[2]，並被稱為墮胎藥的“父親”。 [8] 確定了孕激素受體的 Baulieu 建議 Roussel-Uclaf 修改孕激素分子以產生抗孕激素。 [9] Georges Teutsch 隨後在 1980 年合成了一種最初被稱為 RU468 的藥物。Baulieu 研究了這種藥物作為抗黃體酮類固醇的作用，證明它能夠誘導早期流產，並且與米索前列醇聯合使用時效果更佳。 作為非手術墮胎方法的支持者，Baulieu 成為了 RU468 的擁護者，即使公司退出該產品[9] 並將他推到墮胎辯論的聚光燈下。 [10] 作為抗孕激素，RU468 還具有其他潛力，例如治療某些疾病（乳腺癌、腦癌、子宮內膜異位症、糖尿病、高血壓），他發現的抗皮質鬆活性可能有助於控制抑鬱症或庫欣綜合徵。
Longevity[edit]
Baulieu has taken increasingly more interest in what he has called the "longevity revolution", that people are living longer, and its implications.[11] As part of this, he is investigating the potential of hormonal substitution such as DHEA to increase well-being in old age.[7] The creation of the "Institute Baulieu" has started to address issues that are detrimental to health in people of age. Currently,[when?] the institute is working on ways to decrease dependability problems of the elderly.[4]長壽
Baulieu 越來越關注他所謂的“長壽革命”，即人們的壽命越來越長及其影響。 [11] 作為其中的一部分，他正在研究 DHEA 等荷爾蒙替代品增加老年人幸福感的潛力。 [7] “Baulieu 研究所”的創建已開始解決對老年人健康有害的問題。 目前，[什麼時候？] 該研究所正在研究減少老年人可靠性 dependability問題的方法。 [4]
沒有留言:
張貼留言