2025年3月29日 星期六

We Are All Living in George Orwell’s World Now. 2025 0830 2007 周四 情 "現代悲劇" G Orwell 一本稱讚狄更斯是一位以道德為導向且「永遠站在弱者一邊」的作家。


Severino called the 2016 Obama Justice Department guidance that schools should treat transgender students according to their “gender identity” an Orwellian rewriting of the scientific fact of two sexes, now codified in Trump’s “restoring biological truth” executive order. Biden-era directives telling government employees to address co-workers with their preferred pronouns meant forcing “people to repeat a lie with their own lips,” he said. It reminded him of the end of “1984,” when the book’s protagonist, Winston Smith, beaten into submission, adopts the lies of the Party. Smith “began to write down the thoughts that came into his head,” Orwell wrote. “FREEDOM IS SLAVERY.” “TWO AND TWO MAKE FIVE.”

So it has come to this. All seem to agree we might be slouching toward “1984,” but not on who is most Orwellian. Orwell was indeed prophetic. Including, it seems, about his own legacy. He once wrote about another English writer whose politics have been wrestled over, Charles Dickens. In a 1939 essay, he lauded Dickens as a writer guided by morality and “always on the side of the underdog.” As if writing about the icon he would become, Orwell noted: “Dickens is one of those writers who are felt to be worth stealing. He has been stolen by Marxists, by Catholics and, above all, by Conservatives.”

This has long been Orwell’s posthumous fate. “He fills a hole for anyone who wants to establish any kind of intellectual pedigree,” says John Rodden, a retired professor who has written extensively on Orwell. It is unlikely Orwell, as a writer of precision, would have approved of being slotted into every hole equally and simultaneously. But perhaps Orwell’s well-turned words have found their moment.

塞維裡諾稱,2016 年歐巴馬司法部指導意見規定學校應根據跨性別學生的「性別認同」對待他們,這是對兩性科學事實的奧威爾式改寫,現已被川普「恢復生物學真相」的行政命令所規範。他說,拜登時代的指令要求政府員工用他們喜歡的代名詞來稱呼同事,這意味著強迫「人們用自己的嘴唇重複謊言」。這讓他想起了《1984》的結尾,書中的主角溫斯頓史密斯被逼無奈,相信了黨的謊言。奧威爾寫道,史密斯「開始寫下他腦海中的想法」。 “自由就是奴役。” “二加二等於五。”

所以事情就變成這樣了。所有人似乎都同意我們可能正在走向《1984》,但對於誰最像奧威爾,人們的看法卻不一致。奧威爾確實有先見之明。似乎其中也包括他自己的遺產。他曾經寫過另一位政治立場備受爭議的英國作家——查爾斯狄更斯。在 1939 年的一篇文章中,他稱讚狄更斯是一位以道德為導向且「永遠站在弱者一邊」的作家。奧威爾在談到狄更斯將成為怎樣的偶像時寫道:“狄更斯是那些被認為值得借鑒的作家之一。他的作品被馬克思主義者、天主教徒,尤其是保守黨人借鑒過。”

這早已是奧威爾死後的命運。曾廣泛撰寫有關奧威爾的文章的退休教授約翰·羅登 (John Rodden) 表示:「他為那些想要建立某種知識譜系的人填補了一個空白。」奧威爾,作為一個追求精準的作家,不太可能會同意被同時平等地插入每一個洞中。但或許奧威爾的這些精心之言已經找到了它的用武之地。




Credit...Photo illustration by Alex Merto



We Are All Living in George Orwell’s World Now

He is easy to quote, but what would the iconoclastic British socialist really have thought about politics today?


Credit...Photo illustration by Alex Merto
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