Jean-Paul Sartre,1905.6.21—1980.4.15。沙爾特的時代..... each individual must create meaning for his or her own life, because life itself had no innate meaning.
This day in history 1964: Jean-Paul Sartre wins and declines Nobel Prize in Literature
On October 22, 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize for literature, which he declines.
In his novels, essays, and plays, Sartre advanced the philosophy of existentialism, arguing that each individual must create meaning for his or her own life, because life itself had no innate meaning.
Sartre studied at the elite École Normale Supérieure between 1924 and 1929. He met Simone de Beauvoir, who became his lifelong companion, during this time. The pair spent countless hours in cafés, talking, writing, and drinking coffee. Sartre became a philosophy professor and taught in Le Havre, Laon, and Paris. In 1938, his first novel, Nausea, was published-the narrative took the form of a diary of a cafÉ-haunting intellectual. In 1939, he was drafted into World War II, taken prisoner, and held for about a year; he later fought with the French Resistance.
In 1943, he published one of his key works, Being and Nothingness, where he argued that man is condemned to freedom and has a social responsibility. Sartre and Beauvoir engaged in social movements, supporting communism and the radical student uprisings in Paris in 1968.
Also in 1943, he wrote one of his best-known plays, The Flies, followed by Huis Clos (No Exit) in 1945. In 1945, he began a four-volume novel called The Roads to Freedom but gave up the novel form after finishing the third volume in 1949. In 1946, he continued to develop his philosophy in Existentialism and Humanism.
In the 1950s and 60s, he devoted himself to studies of literary figures like Baudelaire, Jean Genet, and Flaubert. The Family Idiot, his work on Flaubert, was massive, but only three of four volumes were published. Sartre’s health and vision declined in his later years, and he died in 1980.
6月21日
沙特（Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre）
（西元1905.6.21—1980.4.15）
法國哲學家及作家。存在主義哲學的大師，提倡激進的自由意志主義。於二戰期間投身反抗運動。代表作《存在與虛無》被視為法國存在主義運動的奠基之作。另有長篇小說《自由之路》等作品。
作家唯一的機會只出現在自己的時代中。時代為了作家而延續，作家也為了時代而誕生。很遺憾地，巴爾札克對四十八1848 年事變（二月革命）毫不關心，福樓拜也不了解巴黎公社且戰戰兢兢，而我是為他們而感到遺憾。因為，他們已經在各自的時代中，永遠失去了某些東西。我們不想在我們的時代中失去任何東西。未來或許會出現更美好的時代，但此刻是屬於我們的時代。我們身處這場戰爭，恐怕該稱為這場革命中，必須、也只能為了活出這段人生而挺身奮鬥。
節自 評論雜誌《現代》之創刊辭
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Jean-Paul Sartre, a Marxist existentialist philosopher and writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature, described the trial as
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《無所不談》有兩篇關於法國明星 Brigitte Bardot (碧姬芭杜)：、〈論碧姬芭杜的頭髮〉。
林語堂是/屬大師級，〈從碧姬芭杜小姐說起〉一文，碧姬芭杜是引言，主要開始介紹存在主義大師沙特 (林譯:薩爾忒Jean-Paul Sartre，接下專篇〈說薩爾忒〉
/ Simone de Beauvoir /
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"History is a great cemetery: men, deeds, ideas are always dying as soon as they are born."
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"Simone de Beauvoir, (born Jan. 9, 1908, Paris, France—died April 14, 1986, Paris), French writer and feminist. As a student at the Sorbonne, she met Jean-Paul Sartre, with whom she formed a lifelong intellectual and romantic bond. She is known primarily for her treatise The Second Sex (1949), a scholarly and passionate plea for the abolition of what she called the myth of the “eternal feminine”; the book became a classic of feminist literature. She also wrote four admired volumes of autobiography (1958–72), philosophical works that explore themes of existentialism, and fiction, notably The Mandarins (1954, Prix Goncourt). The Coming of Age (1970) is a bitter reflection on society’s indifference to the elderly." (Britannica)
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'America Day by Day' (1948)
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