What will travel look like after the pandemic?
Covid-19 has brought international travel to a standstill. But it will recover and may even become a better experience, says Simon Wright
wheelie bag came to symbolise the era of mass travel, gunwale,
Luggage unpacks how international travel has changed down the ages. Adventurers in the 15th-century age of discovery set sail in galleons loaded to the gunwales with supplies for voyages that might take years. Aristocrats on a “grand tour” in the 18th century trekked around Europe for months in horse-drawn carriages packed with trunks, servants and even furniture. The suitcase arrived at the end of the 19th century when spending several weeks abroad became more common for the wealthy. By the 1970s tourists and executives needed to cart the wherewithal for a few nights away through vast airports. And so the wheelie-bag came to symbolise the era of mass travel.
The gunwale (/ˈɡʌnəl/) is the top edge of the hull of a ship or boat.[1]
Originally the structure was the "gun wale" on a sailing warship, a horizontal reinforcing band added at and above the level of a gun deck to offset the stresses created by firing artillery.
Over time it remained as a valuable stiffener mounted inboard of the sheer strake on commercial and recreational craft. In modern boats, it is the top edge of the hull where there is usually some form of stiffening, often in the form of traditional wooden boat construction members called the "inwale" and "outwale".
Meaning of wheelie bag in English · Carry-on wheelie bags took up almost all the overhead locker space on every flight. · Never take one of those stupid wheelie bags that you pull along to the old town. ·
| Generating buzz for the shot |
Marketing experts explain how influencers, celebrities, and FOMO could be deployed to win over vaccine skeptics. |
錯失恐懼症（英語：Fear of missing out，簡稱：FOMO），也稱社群恐慌症等，是指一種由患得患失所產生持續性的焦慮，得上這種症的人總會感到別人在自己不在時經歷了什麼非常有意義的事情。[2]這種社會焦慮[3]被描繪為想要與別人在幹什麼至始至終保持關聯的渴望。[2]同時，它也被定義為一種對後悔的恐懼，[4]而這種恐懼使得你情不自禁地陷入到對錯失結交社會關係、獲取新奇經歷、投資機遇或是其它好事的憂慮之中。[5]換言之，當你想像事情可以變得不是現在這樣子的時候，這種焦慮就會不斷向你襲來，讓你感覺自己對於如何安排時間的決定永遠是錯的。[4]
自我決定論中，獲得自己與他人是相關聯的這種感覺是一種合理合法的精神需求，並且這種需求還影響了人們的精神健康。[6]在自我決定論的理論框架下，錯失恐懼症可被認為是人們因為在當前或者長期地感受到自己的需求沒有被滿足而產生的一種自我調節狀態。[2]
隨著技術的層出不窮，人們的社交和溝通經歷已經由以往的面對面相處發展到線上：諸如行動電話、智慧型手機之類的現代科技和例如Facebook、Twitter的社交網路服務讓關注社交的門檻大為降低。[2]但在另一方面，這些有前者介導的交流持續性增強人們對網際網路的依賴。一個人在心理上依賴於保持在線，可能導致當這個人不在線、未連線時感到失去了什麼的恐懼，[7]或者甚至於導致病理性網際網路使用的情況，[8]即對網路有超出一般需求的依賴。是故，由於這樣的焦慮可能導致人們的負面情緒和抑鬱感受，錯失恐懼症被認知為會對人的身心健康有負面影響。[4]
歷史[編輯]
英語中，用來描述這一焦慮的詞語Fear of missing out或FOMO在2004年被提出。作家派屈克 J.麥金尼斯（Patrick J. McGinnis）在哈佛商學院的雜誌The Harbus中，發表了題為《麥金尼斯的兩個FO：哈佛商學院的社會理論》（McGinnis' Two FO's: Social Theory at HBS）的文章，在其中Patrick提及了FOMO和另一個關聯的情況——FOBO，即對更好的選擇之存在的恐懼（Fear of a Better Option），他在文章中提到了這兩種恐懼在哈佛商學院社交生活中的作用。[9][10][11][12]FOMO其實可以再往前追溯到2004年學者約瑟夫·雷格爾（Joseph Reagle）在該雜誌上的一篇文章。[13]但其指代概念的起源其實是在營銷專家丹·赫爾曼（Dan Herman）的在2000年發表的一篇題為"引入短期品牌：新的消費者現實下的新品牌推廣工具（Introducing short-term brands: A new branding tool for a new consumer reality）」的學術文章中；在其中丹·赫爾曼提出了錯失某件事的恐懼（fear of missing out something）。
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