自從瑞士禁止德國向烏克蘭轉讓國防設備後，德國不再視瑞士為可靠的合作夥伴。
目前局勢，德國決定將瑞士企業排除在本國聯邦國防機構採買軍用物資的名單之外。在德國議會中，「瑞士免談」(Swiss Free)與「中國免談」(China Free)成為了同義詞-根據瑞士《新蘇黎世報》的說法，這是德國在談及降低安全風險時的一個關鍵字。
中國共產黨如果無法消受“香港人“上海人””“西藏人”……終將失敗……
創刊停刊 4年？
【新書出版】今期，我們嘗試製作一本寫給全球香港中學生們的雜誌，透過一個又一個的人物故事，引領讀者們反芻「香港人」。……
查看更多
近年，諾貝爾獎多附該國專家技術說明，很不錯
2025 沒空看
WWWW
/ 弗朗茨·卡夫卡 / . “他們之所以如此自信，完全是因為他們的愚蠢。” . 情境 「K. 不再和他們說話了；我，」他心想，「我難道非得一直跟這些下流官員的閒聊糾纏不清嗎？」——他們自己也承認自己地位最低。他們談論的事情，自己也根本不了解。他們之所以如此自信，完全是因為他們的愚蠢。我只需要和一個和我同等社會地位的人說幾句話，一切都會變得無比清晰，比和這兩個人長談要清晰得多。他在房間裡的空地上來回走了幾圈，看到街對面的那位老婦人，她正把一個比她年紀大得多的老頭拉到窗邊，摟著他。 」 . 弗朗茨·卡夫卡是一位居住在布拉格的德語波西米亞小說家和短篇小說作家，被廣泛認為是20世紀文學的重要人物之一。他的作品融合了寫實和奇幻元素。其作品通常以孤立的主角為主角，他們面臨怪誕或超現實的困境，以及難以理解的社會官僚權力。他的小說被解讀為探索異化、存在主義焦慮、罪惡感和荒誕等主題。他最著名的作品包括中篇小說《變形記》以及長篇小說《審判》和《城堡》。 「卡夫卡式」一詞已進入英語，用來形容他作品中所描繪的荒誕情境。卡夫卡出生於布拉格一個中產階級的德語捷克猶太家庭，布拉格是波希米亞王國（當時屬於奧匈帝國）的首都。他接受過律師培訓，完成法律教育後，他被一家保險公司全職聘用，這迫使他將寫作降格為他的業餘時間。 W 出生：1883年7月3日，奧匈帝國波希米亞王國布拉格 逝世：1924年6月3日，奧地利下奧地利州克洛斯特新堡基爾林 安葬地：布拉格-日日科夫新猶太公墓 國籍：根據1867年奧匈帝國國籍法，出生時即擁有奧地利公民身份，捷克斯洛伐克（1918-1924） 母校：德國查爾斯-斐迪南大學 職業：小說家、短篇小說作家、保險員 代表作品：《變形記》、《審判》、《判決》、《城堡》、《沉思》、《飢餓藝術家》、《致菲麗絲的信》 風格：現代主義 . 弗朗茨‧卡夫卡，《審判》（1925）。 . 圖片由 Yair Haklai 提供/卡夫卡紀念碑（裁剪），布拉格。
/ Franz Kafka /
.
.
Context
“K. stopped talking with them; do I, he thought to himself, do I really have to carry on getting tangled up with the chattering of base functionaries like this? - and they admit themselves that they are of the lowest position. They're talking about things of which they don't have the slightest understanding, anyway. It's only because of their stupidity that they're able to be so sure of themselves. I just need few words with someone of the same social standing as myself and everything will be incomparably clearer, much clearer than a long conversation with these two can make it. He walked up and down the free space in the room a couple of times, across the street he could see the old woman who, now, had pulled an old man, much older than herself, up to the window and had her arms around him.”
.
"Franz Kafka was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer based in Prague, who is widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It typically features isolated protagonists facing bizarre or surrealistic predicaments and incomprehensible socio-bureaucratic powers. It has been interpreted as exploring themes of alienation, existential anxiety, guilt, and absurdity. His best known works include the novella The Metamorphosis and novels The Trial and The Castle. The term Kafkaesque has entered English to describe absurd situations like those depicted in his writing. Kafka was born into a middle-class German-speaking Czech Jewish family in Prague, the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He trained as a lawyer, and after completing his legal education was employed full-time by an insurance company, forcing him to relegate writing to his spare time."
W
Born: July 3, 1883, Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia, Austria-Hungary
Died: June 3, 1924, Kierling, part of Klosterneuburg, Lower Austria, Austria
Resting place: New Jewish Cemetery, Prague-Žižkov
Citizenship: born with General Austrian citizenship based on Austro-Hungarian nationality law of 1867, Czechoslovakia (1918–1924)
Alma mater: German Charles-Ferdinand University
Occupation: Novelist, short story writer, insurance officer
Notable work: The Metamorphosis, The Trial, The Judgment, The Castle, Contemplation, A Hunger Artist, Letters to Felice
Style: Modernism
.
Franz Kafka, The Trial (1925).
.
image by Yair Haklai / Kafka's monument (cropped), Prague.
世界大勢： BBC 新聞主要以以色列2023年10月遭大屠殺引起的一年请剿大敵HAMAS"、真主黨"、伊朗及旗下為代理為主。
美國大選迷離: Trump’s Rhetorical Ramblings Reinforce Question of Age 共和黨據說還有九成的支持者、
烏克蘭俄羅斯雙方戰得很吃力。究竟局局如何，還有許多大變數：美國11月大選，歐洲各國是否珍團結應戰 (芬蘭外長2月前專訪，DW最近播出).....中國的國內國際壓力......ˉ
Climbing has been on the rise in Japan, mainly due to the popularity it gained from the Tokyo Olympics in 2021, and new climbing walls are popping up all over the place.
2024年10月5日
·
T.S. 艾略特的詩作《我最後看到的那雙含淚的眼睛》是一首簡短卻令人難忘的冥想，探討了悲傷、失落和記憶。這首詩發表於1930年，是艾略特詩集《聖灰星期三》的一部分，代表了艾略特生命中日益關注精神和存在主義主題的時期。這首詩探討了告別後的情感餘波，聚焦於某人充滿悲傷的眼神中揮之不去的記憶。艾略特的現代主義手法體現在他運用片段式、令人回味的語言，引導讀者探索更深層、往往含糊不清的意義。這首詩的核心意象——說話者最後看到的那雙含淚的眼睛——捕捉了一個充滿情感的瞬間的強烈情感，並由此展開了對分離的本質和個人悲傷的不可避免的反思。
⟫⟫ 歷史背景
T.S.艾略特在個人和靈性轉型時期創作了《我最後看到的淚眼》。在1920年代末，艾略特皈依了英國天主教，他的詩歌開始反映救贖、罪惡感和尋求精神意義的主題。這首詩出現在《聖灰星期三》中，這部作品探討了世俗與神聖、絕望與救贖之間的張力。
第一次世界大戰後，人們普遍感到幻滅，許多人努力應對戰爭造成的破壞，並質疑長期以來對人類進步、信仰和道德的信念。艾略特的詩作與其他現代主義作家的詩一樣，反映了這種文化轉型，表達了在快速變化的世界中，一種碎片化的感覺和意義的喪失。然而，《我最後看到的淚眼》也具有深刻的個人色彩，它關注的是個人的情感動盪，而非社會議題。
這首詩的主題是失落，以及揮之不去的痛苦記憶，與戰後憂鬱和存在主義質疑等更廣泛的文化背景產生了共鳴。在1920年代末，艾略特在個人掙扎和信仰追求之後，轉向了精神主題，這為我們理解這首詩提供了一個視角：它反思了人類的苦難，並尋求慰藉，或許是來自神靈的慰藉。
⟫⟫ 詩歌概要
這首詩以對一個感人至深的時刻的回憶開篇——在最後的告別中，看到某人眼含淚水。這段記憶一直縈繞在說話者心中，隨著詩歌的展開，我們可以清楚地看到，說話者正被這次相遇所困擾。那雙噙滿淚水的眼睛，不斷提醒著他離別時伴隨的悲傷與失落。
在第一節中，說話者回憶起他們最後一次看到這雙悲傷的眼睛的情景。 「最後」一詞的使用立即暗示著終結，暗示著他們所懷念的人可能已不復存在——無論是因為死亡還是分離。噙滿淚水的眼睛傳達著一種難以言喻的悲傷，而這是說話者對他們的最後記憶，更增添了一層複雜的情感。說話者似乎無法忘記這一刻，沉浸在相遇的悲傷中。
在第二節中，說話者喚起了「花園」的意象，在文學作品中，花園通常象徵著生命、成長，甚至是天堂。然而，在本例中，花園被描繪成一個寂靜無聲的地方，一個身影一動不動地站著，似乎離說話者很遠。這個人影可能就是說話者正在懷念的人，如今沉默不語，遙不可及，這強調了說話者與逝去親人的記憶之間的分離。說話者獨自一人掙扎著應對自己的情緒，而花園裡的身影依然遙不可及，這更增添了失落感。
這首短小卻充滿力量的詩歌，暗示著悲傷已使說話者陷入癱瘓。淚眼婆娑的記憶如同一個象徵性的錨，將說話者的情感與過去緊緊相連。詩中沉默與靜止的意象強化了說話者前進的無力感，營造出一種情感停滯的氛圍，使說話者陷入失落的時刻。
T.S. Eliot’s poem "Eyes That Last I Saw in Tears" is a brief but haunting meditation on grief, loss, and memory. Published in 1930 as part of his collection "Ash Wednesday," it represents a period in Eliot's life where he was increasingly concerned with spiritual and existential themes. The poem deals with the emotional aftermath of a farewell, focusing on the lingering memory of someone’s sorrow-filled eyes. Eliot’s modernist approach is evident in his use of fragmentary, evocative language that invites the reader to explore deeper, often ambiguous meanings. The poem’s central image—the eyes that the speaker last saw in tears—captures the intensity of a single, emotionally charged moment, and from it unfolds a reflection on the nature of separation and the inescapability of personal sorrow.
⟫⟫ Historical Context
T.S. Eliot wrote "Eyes That Last I Saw in Tears" during a period of personal and spiritual transition. By the late 1920s, Eliot had converted to Anglo-Catholicism, and his poetry began reflecting themes of redemption, guilt, and the search for spiritual meaning. This particular poem appears in "Ash Wednesday," a work that grapples with the tension between the worldly and the divine, between despair and salvation.
The post-World War I era was marked by widespread disillusionment, as many people grappled with the devastation caused by the war and questioned long-held beliefs about human progress, faith, and morality. Eliot’s poetry, much like that of other modernist writers, reflects this cultural shift, expressing a sense of fragmentation and the loss of meaning in a rapidly changing world. However, "Eyes That Last I Saw in Tears" is also deeply personal, focusing on individual emotional turmoil rather than societal issues.
The poem's themes of loss and the lingering memory of pain resonate with the broader cultural context of post-war melancholy and existential questioning. Eliot's turn towards spiritual themes in the late 1920s, following his personal struggles and his pursuit of faith, provides a lens through which this poem can be understood: as a reflection on human suffering and the search for solace, perhaps in the divine.
⟫⟫ Summary of the poem
The poem opens with a recollection of a deeply emotional moment—seeing someone's eyes filled with tears during a final farewell. This memory has stayed with the speaker, and as the poem unfolds, it becomes clear that the speaker is haunted by this encounter. The memory of those tear-filled eyes serves as a constant reminder of the sadness and loss that accompanied their parting.
In the first stanza, the speaker recalls the last time they saw these sorrowful eyes. The use of “last” immediately hints at finality, suggesting the person they are remembering might no longer be present—either due to death or separation. The tear-filled eyes signify an overwhelming sadness, and the fact that this is the speaker's last memory of them adds a layer of emotional complexity. The speaker seems unable to forget this moment, frozen in the sorrow of the encounter.
In the second stanza, the speaker evokes an image of a "garden," which, in literature, often symbolizes life, growth, or even paradise. However, in this case, the garden is presented as a place of silence and stillness, with a figure standing motionless, seemingly distant from the speaker. This figure could be the person the speaker is remembering, now silent and unreachable, emphasizing the separation between the speaker and the memory of their loved one. The speaker is left alone to grapple with their emotions, as the figure in the garden remains distant and silent, adding to the sense of loss.
The brief but powerful poem suggests that grief has left the speaker in a state of paralysis. The memory of the tear-filled eyes acts as a symbolic anchor, keeping the speaker emotionally tethered to the past. The poem's imagery of silence and stillness reinforces the speaker's inability to move forward, creating an atmosphere of emotional stasis where the speaker is trapped in the moment of loss.
李忠憲
沒有留言:
張貼留言