狂歡學說；亂臣/革命痞子 Lord of Misrule。"倒錯的狂歡"是巴赫金等人錯誤的表述：參考Mary Beard著《古羅馬的笑：演說家、弄臣和猴子》。《巴赫金：對話與狂歡》(北岡誠司)：日本諸神狂歡《古事記 天之岩戶 天照御神》以Mao Zedong: A Life，翻譯為 《胡鬧領主毛澤東：永不休止的顛覆與冒險》In the abstract, PRETENTIONS 為例
https://www.facebook.com/hanching.chung/videos/543463584489799
史景遷（Jonathan D. Spence, 1936~2021） 忌日，談其英文翻譯不容易，以Mao Zedong: A Life，翻譯 《胡鬧領主毛澤東：永不休止的顛覆與冒險》Lord of Misrule 為例
Kings ought never to be seen upon the stage. In the abstract, they are very disagreeable characters: it is only while living that they are 'the best of kings'... and seen AS THEY WERE, their power and their pretensions 自稱/自命 look monstrous and ridiculous.
William Hazlitt
In the abstract
idiom
: without referring to a specific person, object, or event : in a general way
thinking about freedom in the abstract
Kings ought never to be seen upon the stage. In the abstract, they are very disagreeable characters: it is only while living that they are 'the best of kings'. It is their power, their splendour, it is the apprehension of the personal consequences of their favour or their hatred that dazzles the imagination and suspends the judgement of their favourites or their vassals; but death cancels the bond of allegiance and of interest; and seen AS THEY WERE, their power and their pretensions look monstrous and ridiculous.
William Hazlitt
In the abstract
idiom
- 1.a claim or assertion of a claim to something."his pretensions to the imperial inheritance"
synonyms: aspiration, claim, assertion, pretence, profession, purporting "the author firmly denies any pretension to exhaustive coverage" - 2.the use of affectation to impress; pretentiousness."he spoke simply, without pretension"
自稱/自命 PRETENTIONS
石黑一雄（Kazuo Ishiguro），
2015年出版的《被埋葬的巨人》（The Buried Giant）翻譯成
《被埋葬的記憶》（The Buried Giant）
The Buried Giant is a fantasy novel by the Nobel Prize-winning British writer Kazuo Ishiguro, published in March 2015. The novel follows an elderly Briton couple, Axl and Beatrice, living in a fictional post-Arthurian England in which no-one is able to retain long-term memories. Wikipedia
2021年12月26日，著名歷史學家、中國史學者、耶魯大學榮譽教授 #史景遷（Jonathan D. Spence）於康乃狄克州家中逝世，享年85歲，如今一年已過。
《文化類同與文化利用》北大出版社，1997 (演講)
《胡鬧領主毛澤東：永不休止的顛覆與冒險》
Lord of Misrule
In England, the Lord of Misrule – known in Scotland as the Abbot of Unreason and in France as the Prince des Sots – was an officer appointed by lot during Christmastide to preside over the Feast of Fools. The Lord of Misrule was generally a peasant or sub-deacon appointed to be in charge of Christmas revelries, which often included drunkenness and wild partying.
The Church in England held a similar festival involving a boy bishop.[1] This custom was abolished by Henry VIII in 1541, restored by the Catholic Mary I and again abolished by Protestant Elizabeth I, though here and there it lingered on for some time longer.[2] On the Continent it was suppressed by the Council of Basel in 1431, but was revived in some places from time to time, even as late as the eighteenth century. In the Tudor period, the Lord of Misrule (sometimes called the Abbot of Misrule or the King of Misrule)[1] is mentioned a number of times by contemporary documents referring to revels both at court and among the ordinary people.[3][4][5]
While mostly known as a British holiday custom, some folklorists, such as James Frazer and Mikhail Bakhtin (who is said to have borrowed the novel idea from Frazer), have claimed that the appointment of a Lord of Misrule comes from a similar custom practised during the Roman celebration of Saturnalia.[6][7] In ancient Rome, from 17 to 23 December (in the Julian calendar), a man chosen to be a mock king was appointed for the feast of Saturnalia, in the guise of the Roman deity Saturn;[1] at the end of the festival, the man was sacrificed.[6] This hypothesis has been heavily criticized by William Warde Fowler and as such, the Christmas custom of the Lord of Misrule during the Christian era and the Saturnalian custom of antiquity may have completely separate origins;[6] the two separate customs, however, can be compared and contrasted.[6][8]
史景遷（Jonathan D. Spence )過世前2周，我沒直播的題目。
https://linshibi.com/?p=7426
天巖户（あまのいわと），在《古事記》裏也被稱為天巖屋戸（あまのいわやと），是岩石形成的洞窟。傳説太陽女神天照大御神躲進天巖户，世界陷入一片黑暗。
天巖户
（日本神話中的一個地方）
編輯
- 天巖户
- あまのいわと
- 天巖屋戸
- 是岩石形成的洞窟
在《瘋狂的石榴樹》中，太陽神那種睿智的形而上學象徵與酒神那種狂醉的生命感性衝動，本真地融彙為一體，結晶為一個意象——瘋狂的石榴樹。
埃利蒂斯的一句詩，有助於讀者解開石榴樹這個意象的謎底：“由於你的反映、太陽在石榴中結晶了，並且感覺良好。”
在石榴的結晶中凝結著太陽的形而上學本源。通過石榴，形而上學的本源又與那瘋狂的生命衝動血肉般地融合在一起，從而構成了一個絢爛光華、生機勃勃的世界。人類在這一世界中棲息、昇華或飛升，進入一個超凡入聖的境界。
瘋狂的石榴樹The Mad Pomegranate Tree
在這些刷白的庭園中，當南風
悄悄拂過有拱頂的走廊，告訴我，是那瘋狂的石榴樹
在陽光中跳躍，在風的嬉戲和絮語中
撒落她果實累累的歡笑？告訴我，
當大清早在高空帶著勝利的戰果展示她的五光十色，
是那瘋狂的石榴樹帶著新生的枝葉在蹦跳？
當赤身裸體的姑娘們在草地上醒來，
用雪白的手採摘青青的三葉草，
在夢的邊緣上游盪，告訴我，是那瘋狂的石榴樹，
出其不意地把亮光找到她們新編的籃子上，
使她們的名字在鳥兒的歌聲中迴響，告訴我，
是那瘋了的石榴樹與多雲的天空在較量？
當白晝用七色彩羽令人妒羨地打扮起來，
用上千支炫目的三棱鏡圍住不朽的太陽，
告訴我，是那瘋了的石榴樹
抓住了一匹受百鞭之笞而狂奔的馬的尾鬃，
它不悲哀，不訴苦；告訴我，是那瘋狂的石榴樹
高聲叫嚷著正在綻露的新生的希望？
告訴我，是那瘋狂的石榴樹老遠地歡迎我們，
拋擲著煤火一樣的多葉的手帕，
當大海就要為漲了上千次，退向冷僻海岸的潮水
投放成千隻船舶，告訴我
是那瘋狂的石榴樹
使高懸於透明空中的帆吱吱地響？
高高懸掛的綠色葡萄串，洋洋得意地發著光，
狂歡著，充滿下墜的危險，告訴我，
是那瘋狂的石榴樹在世界的中央用光亮粉碎了
魔鬼的險惡的氣候，它用白晝的桔黃色的衣領到處伸展，
那衣領繡滿了黎明的歌聲，告訴我，
是那瘋狂的石榴樹迅速地把白晝的綢衫揭開了？
在四月初春的裙子和八月中旬的蟬聲中，
告訴我，那個歡跳的她，狂怒的她，誘人的她，
那驅逐一切惡意的黑色的、邪惡的陰影的人兒，
把暈頭轉向的鳥傾瀉於太陽胸脯上的人兒，
告訴我，在萬物懷裡，在我們最深沉的夢鄉里，
展開翅膀的她，就是那瘋狂的石榴樹嗎？
（袁可嘉譯）
Odysseus Elytis
The Mad Pomegranate Tree
In these all-white courtyards where the south wind blows
Whistling through vaulted arcades, tell me, is it the mad pomegranate tree
That leaps in the light, scattering its fruitful laughter
With windy wilfulness and whispering, tell me, is it the mad pomegranate tree
That quivers with foliage newly born at dawn
Raising high its colours in a shiver of triumph?
On plains where the naked girls awake,
When they harvest clover with their light brown arms
Roaming round the borders of their dreams–tell me, is it the mad pomegranate tree,
Unsuspecting, that puts the lights in their verdant baskets
That floods their names with the singing of birds–tell me
Is it the mad pomegranate tree that combats the cloudy skies of the world?
On the day that it adorns itself in jealousy with seven kinds of feathers,
Girding the eternal sun with a thousand blinding prisms
Tell me, is it the mad pomegranate tree
That seizes on the run a horse's mane of a hundred lashes,
Never sad and never grumbling–tell me, is it the mad pomegranate tree
That cries out the new hope now dawning?
Tell me, is that the mad pomegranate tree waving in the distance,
Fluttering a handkerchief of leaves of cool flame,
A sea near birth with a thousand ships and more,
With waves that a thousand times and more set out and go
To unscented shores–tell me, is it the mad pomegranate tree
That creaks the rigging aloft in the lucid air?
High as can be, with the blue bunch of grapes that flares and celebrates
Arrogant, full of danger–tell me, is it the mad pomegranate tree
That shatters with light the demon's tempests in the middle of the world
That spreads far as can be the saffron ruffle of the day
Richly embroidered with scattered songs–tell me, is it the mad pomegranate tree
That hastily unfastens the silk apparel of day?
In petticoats of April first and cicadas of the feast of mid-August
Tell me, that which plays, that which rages, that which can entice
Shaking out of threats their evil black darkness
Spilling the sun's embrace intoxicating birds
Tell me, that which opens its wings on the breast of things
On the breast of our deepest dreams, is that the mad pomegranate tree?
Greek; trans. Edmund Keeley & Philip Sherrard
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